ABSTRACT
Background: The mothers' role in health of family members is very important, and her death has uncompensable losses for the family and society. With regard to the importance of maternal mortal ratio in development indicators of the United Nations [UN] this study is conducted to investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on maternal mortality ratio
Methods: In the current study the role of socioeconomic factors on maternal mortal ratio was investigated by panel regression. Data include number of maternal mortality, total fertility, number of hospital beds, number of midwifes, number of physicians and urbanization in the period between 2008 and 2012. Since the dependent variable was in count form, Poisson estimator, Hausman test, and Breusch-pagan test were used
Results: Based on the findings, household's income and fertility rate had direct and inverse association with maternal mortality, respectively. Investigating the association between midwifes and maternal mortality showed that increasing the number of midwifes decrease it, but no significant association was found between the number of physicians and maternal mortality. Number of hospital beds also showed a direct association [significant at 10%]
Conclusion: All of the variables to somehow are related with the level of development. In developed regions, per capita income, access to health resource and urbanization is higher and there is more equity in distribution of health resources. It could be concluded from the findings that by increasing the level of development, maternal mortality would decrease
ABSTRACT
Background: Skilled labor force is very important in economic growth. Workers become skilled when they are healthy and able to be educated and work. In this study, we estimated the effects of health indicators on labor supply. We used labor force participation rate as the indicator of labor supply. We categorized this indicator into 2 indicators of female and male labor force participation rates and compared the results of each estimate with the other
Methods: This study was done in eastern Mediterranean countries between 1995 and 2011. We used a panel cointegration approach for estimating the models. We used Pesaran cross sectional dependency, Pesaran unit root test, and Westerlund panel cointegration for this issue. At the end, after confirmation of having random effect models, we estimated them with random effects
Results: Increasing the fertility rate decreased the female labor supply, but increased the male labor supply. However, public health expenditures increased the female labor supply, but decreased the male labor supply because of substitution effects. Similar results were found regarding urbanization. Gross domestic product had a positive relationship with female labor supply, but not with male labor supply. Besides, out of pocket health expenditures had a negative relationship with male labor supply, but no significant relationships with female labor supply
Conclusion: The effects of the health variables were more severe in the female labor supply model compared to the male model. Countries must pay attention to women's health more and more to change the labor supply